Making Four-In-A-Row Using JavaScript - Part 2: Beginning

Intro#

In the last blog post, you set up the prerequisites and file structure of the project.

Now let's start implementing the logic of the game.

Rules Of The Game#

Four-in-a-row is a two-player game played on a 6 (rows) x 7 (columns) rack board, where the objective is to be the first player to form a vertical, horizontal or vertical line with four of your tokens.

The player who meets the objective first, wins. If the board is filled and there is no winner, the game ends in a draw.

Each token a player puts down a column falls to the lowest available space within a column.

Preparing To Implement The Logic#

Constants#

Now that you'll know the rules, you'll now write down relevant constant values that you'll be using throughout this project.

Create a new JavaScript file called index.js in src/constants.

Now add the following to the file you've just created:

export const GameStatus = {
  IN_PROGRESS: "in-progress",
  START: "start",
  WIN: "win",
  DRAW: "draw",
};

export const MoveStatus = {
  INVALID: "invalid",
  WIN: "win",
  SUCCESS: "success",
  DRAW: "draw",
};

export const PlayerColor = {
  NONE: "none",
  YELLOW: "yellow",
  RED: "red",
};

export const BoardDimensions = {
  ROWS: 6,
  COLUMNS: 7,
  WIN_LINE_LENGTH: 4,
};

export const BoardToken = {
  NONE: 0,
  YELLOW: 1,
  RED: 2,
};

Setting Up The State Machine#

Now you will create a state machine which represents a four-in-a-row game.

Create a new JavaScript file called FourInARowGame.js in /src and add the following to it:

import * as Constants from "./constants/index.js";

export default class FourInARowGame {
  // State machine code is going to be here!
}

These lines reference the constants you wrote in src/constants/index.js, making them available to use in FourInARowGame.js. It also creates a class called FourInARowGame.

Simple Fields#

To get the game going, you'll need to be aware of the following:

• The current game's status - To know whether the game has ended or not and if it has ended, how it ended
• The current turn - To figure out which player's token to put down when a move is next played
• The starting colour player token - To determine who starts the game
• The state of the board - To know which tokens have been placed on the board

Let's add these fields to your FourInARowGame class:

export default class FourInARowGame {
  startingColor;
  currentTurn;
  status;
  currentBoard;

  // More to come...
}

Regarding the starting colour, there isn't any rule about which colour should start but you'll set it to yellow:

export default class FourInARowGame {
  // ..

  constructor() {
    this.startingColor = Constants.PlayerColor.YELLOW;
  }
}

Next up is the currentTurn and status. Since the game has just started, you'll set the value of currentTurn to the value of startingColor and set the value of status to GameStatus.START:

export default class FourInARowGame {
  // ..

  constructor() {
    this.startingColor = Constants.PlayerColor.YELLOW;
    this.currentTurn = this.startingColor;
    this.status = Constants.GameStatus.START;
  }
}

Initialising The Board Field#

Now, for the currentBoard field, you will initially set its value to an empty board; a single board in a game of Four-In-A-Row has 6 rows and 7 columns (42 positions in total). You'll use an array of arrays to represent this structure in JavaScript.

The first step is creating a static method in the FourInARowGame class that creates an empty board for you:

export default class FourInARowGame {
  // ..

  static createBoard() {
    let board = new Array(Constants.BoardDimensions.ROWS);

    for (let i = 0; i < Constants.BoardDimensions.ROWS; i++) {
      board[i] = new Uint8Array(Constants.BoardDimensions.COLUMNS);
      board[i].fill(Constants.BoardToken.NONE);
    }

    return board;
  }
}

Notice that Uint8Array was used instead of Array in the enclosed loop. This is because numbers in JavaScript are stored as the Number data type by default, which stores 64-bit floating point numbers. You will only be using 3 possible numbers in each board position so Uint8 makes more sense which is the smallest numeric data type that your range of possible numbers fits in.

This saves memory considering that there are 42 positions in a board.

Now you can finish off initialising the currentBoard field:

export default class FourInARowGame {
  constructor() {
    // ..

    this.currentBoard = FourInARowGame.createBoard();
  }
}

You are now ready to implement the logic that runs when a player makes a move.

You'll do this in the next post! See you then! 👋

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